A self-tapping screw is a screw that taps its own thread without first drilling. For hard substrates such as metal or hard plastics, self-tapping screws are created by cutting gaps in the continuity of the threads on the screw, creating threads similar to those on a thread. In addition to the tap-like notch in the front threads, there is a primary drill-like recessed end that looks very similar to a center drill on the end. Self-tapping screws combine the drilling, tapping, and installation actions into one; therefore they are very effective in a variety of hard substrate applications from assembly lines to roofing. Self-tapping screws are used in a variety of applications from DIY carpentry to surgery. Many dental implants and orthopedic bone screws are examples of self-tapping screws used in surgery.